Hepatitis~
Hepatitis is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver and can be caused by several mechanisms, including infectious agents. Viral hepatitis can be caused by a variety of different viruses such as hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. This can be caused by alcohol and some drugs, but usually it is the result of a viral infection. There are many types of virus which can cause hepatitis. Each of these viruses acts differently.
How it's spread
The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common infection in many parts of the world. It is possible to become infected through eating or drinking contaminated food or water.
The hepatitis virus is found in faeces. It can be passed on if even a tiny amount of faeces from a person with hepatitis A comes into contact with another person's mouth.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. This can be caused by alcohol and some drugs, but usually it is the result of a viral infection. There are many types of virus which can cause hepatitis. Each of these viruses acts differently.
How it's spread
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is very common worldwide. It is very infectious.
The virus can be spread in the following ways:
- by unprotected (without a condom) penetrative sex (when the penis enters the anus, vagina or mouth) with someone who is infected. Also by sex which draws blood with someone who is infected
- by sharing contaminated needles or other drug-injecting equipment
- by using non-sterilised equipment for tattooing, acupuncture or body piercing
- from an infected mother to her baby, mainly during delivery. Immunisation of the baby at birth prevents the transmission of hepatitis B
- through a blood transfusion in a country where blood is not tested for the hepatitis B virus.
- All blood for transfusion in the UK is tested.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. This can be caused by alcohol and some drugs, but usually it is the result of a viral infection. There are many types of virus which can cause hepatitis. Each of these viruses acts differently.
How it's spread
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be spread in the following ways:
- by sharing contaminated needles or other drug-injecting equipment. If you have ever shared drug-injecting equipment, you may want to be tested for hepatitis C
- by using non-sterilised equipment for tattooing, acupuncture or body piercing
- by unprotected sex which draws blood with someone who is infected. Also, if you have sex with an infected woman who is on her period, or if you have sex with someone who is infected and who has sores on their genitals that may bleed. Sexual transmission is not a common way of becoming infected with hepatitis C
- on rare occasions, from an infected mother to her baby, mainly during delivery. The risk may be greater if the mother is also infected with HIV
- through a blood transfusion in a country where blood is not tested for the hepatitis C virus. All blood for transfusion in the UK is tested.
- by sharing notes used to snort cocaine.
http://www.avert.org/hepatitis.htm
http://www.who.int/
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~~~1752~1763~~